// string.h - header file for class String
//   (from Learning C++: A Hands on Approach, by Eric Nagler)
// entered/tested by cmc, 8/12/03 - reorganized 10/30/13

#ifndef STRING_H
#define STRING_H

#include <iosfwd>  // for operator<<

// abstraction for a character string - to illustrate C++ class issues
class String {

public:

    // friends
    friend String const join(String const &left, String const &right);
    friend void display(String const &);
    // non-member operator function friends:
    friend String const operator+    // binary plus (concatenates)
       (String const &left, String const &right);    
    friend std::ostream &operator<<  // insertion (to an ostream)
       (std::ostream &, String const &);
    
    // ctors and dtor
    String(char const * = "");  // both a default and converting ctor
    String(char);               // a converting ctor
    String(String const &);     // copy ctor
    ~String();                  // dtor
    
    // features
    bool search(String const &) const;
    static unsigned getCount();  // called getInstanceCounter in Nagler
    String toUpper() const;
    String &refresh(char const *chars);
    
    // member operator functions:
    String &operator= (String const &);              // assignment
    
    int operator()(char const *chars = "+") const;   // function call
                  // meaning: count occurrences of argument in this String
    
    char &operator[] (unsigned) throw(char const *);      // subscript-mutable
    char operator[] (unsigned) const throw(char const *); // subscript-constant

    String &operator+= (String const &);             // compound assignment: +=

    String &operator++ ();                           // increment - prefix
                  // meaning: increment value of each character in this String
    String const operator++ (int);                   // increment - postfix

private:
    char *ptrChars;
    static unsigned count;
};

#endif