CS60 Homework 13
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Due Wed Nov 12th at 1:00pm

Object Hierarchy
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The task of this assignment is to design a 'number' hierarchy using
C++ classes.  We're going to assume that the only native type we have
to work with is the 'int' type, and therefore your object hierarchy
should not use any other native types other than 'ints'.  Your
hierarchy should contain the following 'number' classes:

integer
floatingpoint
complex
fraction

Examples of each type

integer: 10, 20, -1, 4
floatingpoint: 10.5, 0.0, 1.4, 1.554
complex: 1 + 0i, 2 + 10i, 0 + 1i
fraction: 1/2, 3/4, 10/5, 0/1

Notice that all of these numbers, although representing different
information, can be constructed using only 'int's.  At a minimum, your
child classes integer, floatingpoint, complex, and fraction must
support a 'print' function that prints the type in the form
appropriate to it's specific type (like in the examples above).  You
must also provide a constructor or member function mechanism for
initializing the objects, and a function for asking whether the type
is positive.  For instance:

int main() {
  fraction myfrac(1, 2);
  myfrac.print();

  if (myfrac.ispos()) {
	cout << "it's pos!" << endl;
  } else {
	cout << "it's neg!" << endl;
  }
}

would print the string:

1/2
it's pos!

and exit.  The other types should behave in a similar manner and must
all be derived from a common parent class.

Program Requirements
---------------------

To reiterate, you must design an object hierarchy that has a parent
'number' class, and four child classes 'integer', 'floatingpoint',
'complex' and 'fraction'.  You may only 'int' types as class member
variables.  The following functions must be available for each child type:

- constructor
	- integer - no params or one param
	- floating point - no params or two params (base and after
	  decimal point)
	- complex - no params or two params (base and imaginary)
	- fraction - no params or two params (numerator and
	  denominator)

- print function
	- integer - prints the int
	- floating point - prints the base, a decimal point, and the
	  portion after the decimal point
	- complex - prints real, a '+' sign, imaginiary, a 'i'
	- fraction - prints numerator, a '/' character, denominator

- ispos function
	- returns '1' if type is positive, '0' otherwise

You must provide an example program that makes an instance of each of
the four types of numbers, initializes them, prints them, and decides
if each is positive or not.  You should use the following to initialize:

integer: -10
floatingpoint; 4.5234
complex: 4 + 3i
fraction: -4/3

Turnin
----------

The turnin tag for this assignment is 'hw13' and should include your
object hierarchy header and code files, a hw13.cpp that shows usage of
the hierarchy, a typescript showing compilation and execution of the
program, a Makefile, and an optional README contianing special
instructions for the grader.


Sample Output
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[nurmi@localhost hw13]$ make clean
rm -f *.o *.a hw13 *~*
[nurmi@localhost hw13]$ ls
Makefile            floatingpoint.h     integer.cpp         typescript
complex.cpp         fraction.cpp        integer.h
complex.h           fraction.h          number.cpp
floatingpoint.cpp   hw13.cpp            number.h
[nurmi@localhost hw13]$ make
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o number.o number.cpp
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o integer.o integer.cpp
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o complex.o complex.cpp
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o fraction.o fraction.cpp
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o floatingpoint.o floatingpoint.cpp
ar rs libnumber.a number.o integer.o complex.o fraction.o floatingpoint.o
ar: creating archive libnumber.a
g++  -I./ -ansi -pedantic  -c -o hw13.o hw13.cpp
g++ hw13.o  -o hw13 -L./ -lnumber
[nurmi@localhost hw13]$ ./hw13
-10
4.5234
4 + 3i
-4/3
integer is neg!
floatingpoint is pos!
complex is pos!
fraction is neg!
[nurmi@localhost hw13]$ exit