ࡱ> vstunq6)Ys3PNG  IHDR^]6sRGB pHYs+ZIDATx^A !Ce DA0C^ @_? @+` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @a @i! @ S7@ 0L5A ` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @a @i! @ S7@ 0L5A ` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @a @i! @ S7@ 0L5A ` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @a @i! @ S7@ 0L5A ` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @a @i! @ S7@ 0L5A ` @aA @  @$ D B @n @ !`&j @0u @ 4Q @ @H @0L @@B0M  @nJwIENDB`n(SPQZ?PNG  IHDR:sRGB pHYs+(nIDATx^;vܺЮǎ:`^ġc4 P.(ҒG@p\ (ۀיϧ%>O FM{B$ @< {>/^g"p5o? !ZKc#$@SYAzPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @99:u;;L8N @@*r}{~c1k}!a @M@b"]PG#4&x>Gfo_FWNX0ްx ~+VU696n苣ƳN;O]@>Tci b]7+(|+ @=VOًloOtiݎv -~ ܮF5U"7DhvdVu`;C0%3.⛢ (bMd Z({t23nly矈F5{ |PZ @N+ f{\ʯ^3>=+ pόqsjv#= PK'W/vgn{FM>=7=$k`Z ӥzI`STn"&tO6!\ `5˪6ư៙N*ך|~ᓦ.H н `f L7nt#uj-R]k\wͬq".@+ 0# @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @33Ǵۗ=3WP|_O (b҈L`, v.  У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @|fGfo_$@`U ɿW;׀ xQ @}m8LO[h19{Q@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f x>Ǵۗ}o?Z 9u 3/u.rWu1.ʠNKvLuTxe>s ]_zhGp= 029 x=~tR'mt>H9)Pc\x/3w̻Q=4 ?G a8&.齃o;]ҳCfO1>o48#ђP;nEzx^/-Ǩn]Q!d"Rqa,!ZQ0 @VV\ՍtL6M[aD~JuB3Ti.+hi\j]t sxl5 %33gՙ3۹ @ /I?>;ӵ3쟽>džCWFmүgW i=1$gFA.< `b &bP||Rp^%Ώh tT]aQ }Ro @f*Lth&`o*/!@@w0f h65#@ 5hV@ljFPk Ь (8W @Y@8P@p  @@*fS#0 p @\] @fTͦF` @@&@ M @*quMP4 @T4+h65#@ 5hV@ljFx:n_!N `X}G+k~7>5A<ߐv]ӯ>/XcWVzbv{?7/79m @,^O3_)^_*Fe!iѰl1 и'IP:gЧ_]LڅKu}\qKla>xbHǵu+hx?4 xGr+- l@&MzcO'%гۗ_ 1vW@ozP}c'@~<oP>nj @`I`Ls*Ӊ!*=>K*?ZZ/-*=AGϱ 4W(;}yx^PSox$' @iAzPuc&@*s(1L@\_ު3$3|^rfB*b @S|a~m$B] _ZWGJ ЅbiXG_ qAۡnz}?M9y yli鱫A)tx vrjD4kj˸ >U ҅yz5\m6+i0KDMT'!Zl*T1 {zpǪiOj-=ow>'L2 NAU._mI<괪eg>ܓ&(;+髷99( x5A^)xOn*i瓀'ϥޡ_2^&ঢ়x1'U`V Zr"`z^-V?*YB~!UyU+*.~ǿ /t/+>2VzؖJ?Iۧm!4KyiF[4Ql۟"$@`Ŧ5 OF t}kKWqNc[yLִzմ=Mw ~oC'%0\oZ3o1pӷX^I^K~T:~Uzzk`T4dv7-2nQ°My)n Xʟu-gWt~8Ѵhݽ[*Rɲ ^@Nzm |,]1O/co>οѢ_GO:Y r:QL'/a58?5||~NM { ^STWTUNTIuxo*w6LCI "h.q؛&Ň"eH@ 4@ M @j?TsϢCw$i,PTOմ~ @ p9`t @`^@`f @|GNcU;ͼu=֡@]* @*==J*wL У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@u~G9c&P 0z'a päҹ~\og#@ػp@[2d\0iB&@xf'!@ Kp @)*S4&h,!!@Nav И "8I @@c*" p f'!@ +pca }ei.+}淑|w x%E v> p';=sX !19) 07̫Q @ !@= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1L3x< p@5x詛įT[E ~~/_N?^i)P`Tq:(x=5z%|ւ]HguT h͞dDV|0<0=EZa:#P P<4$0/.3c?|0a36si*H @@ JK p}ri$ @\@Pn% >4 P.(ҒG@p\ (P[iI#O. ʭ$@P'FBTVZ @K#!@*r+-  @}Tɥ @r̴~<}iI  :%J!@wP-CJJQҝ6 }Z P(u6WV8FPOɸhS]6"* p{>6.ϟacnvUǙVBѬXҀVD.*zS\4w&pc8FT&Q@c֍ У Ǭ3P @G@Y7f 8kD!!HZ*khN=NQ2 }O.kd7jhA@BZayclPl7{'0 @@*n @@` @6`fL`nU NOØk@  p$ TPT'! I".NC p$D P]@PT @* $I @ :  @TH  @@u@uR @ .$! @*GÁCtc7zF=\T@0g܆O/Prt 4"ejBxj `,D ˇ%/WqK5bUyݥ8ʠ\ixΗ8kRXT3K齃t(V邝OX: +Ц]Cp}>`$@CTx++[εih!xǿ?Ng[V&@*u{K쇧WK,EUgVm Z @*npf~kzg53X*PTǤ[ 5 @sv}.oO mbip`31yK쥇 -̜huˤ Voo_#h  <;~ q= PW]7-} z| I_{w[ x9,IH@E{1uE.#y2#(6` LTfQ@c֍ У+O'z3f¯h +x pE+[(Y {&@ 0 @@*n @@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(=-oUCo/tF8=<'G{~t,N.gb l4L@¥)_e^Z pEw*x<2-?Zg-ݒxpv{aȣ_+ᄘ8)(b5Ԏh?`XK{hCsfaݳ[3=Kpfc@Ӓ>\@̺ hHQgTO5G70[QԪNJ{xM@Qmt;=]ʬ|a!2O;p6A}#@*y fVBf }Wt$;-/f6N<  @< 8gb̶|=mzKE@TY0+ӽ4X><;}{#k$<' yLꎮU;J@}wj_nt5/!縓Pt5/!.@y6h B @=(@ZL`M p-W5BhSQG@?6R G@`6 @JhcN0; c{Q@c֍DR-jP @`E@` @T=fݘ  @  @= z̺1 @9@zPuc&@*s(1LTQ@c֍/OIENDB`nC>2{ .&XPNG  IHDR8|#sRGB pHYsjPLTE~zIDATxܱ0%hМ& x78]Bbw>tMcDg@ѝwcn tnB 17-t.mtD%Bw tB Fw t]Ktn;n tmt@7-t.&.e+t17fDWn;FhvFwz@7B.Un6efѝ^7lv%ͮݾNn^r%\]r;wܸ%.x/qpγ7_#^wq}u׽up{ܷ|x_w!n:guv.>߿S[tAZeK;՝7u8'X.]4iw>Vsyr5DNsyywP.EމX3P5D贗ڸ'W:-jR{gKtN{^w\]޶W=uDt7@wt׀w ]]ݙ ]D#$sNMӝ  t{;JͻQCŻV[Ż`3$AȞ|~IENDB`nD[T2e)PNG  IHDR^["sRGB pHYs+PLTEP!IDATh1 Om x1) eIENDB`nt)3|h1+ҩ}ePNG  IHDR8ɲ&sRGB pHYsjIDATx^mEQK2ػ O&c|ywFUwGo!߉m@ kM?5 #!7EԉaJJJNԮ= <:BQϨ{Fӓv:Hz2<7!AJ&sHz B %j j:uwgq{$R5r5@5K,Q#P䫣]}&Q;(x2@7#PRWfڶvjD4 {-Ց/Nkז#R_&u&}gYdlg)QMpv-%jcD4ZJm`Dm3ٍ[J]Kca)QGAkm,%jiNmDMYJ쯟DZZJkD͛܎[Jܱ묷D v[JNjp' u\/,)Q;!1sK͓Y K?HԌꂥ$jЈk%QsؙԈZqCkf5t˵/##jN,R%3B>K&HA`5Nc@c<5KS%aTK$ZKO$I`G`|O yf޸B/#Kؼ*7!0u*֛9N/O zKz$Q,=BgzO7qzKo 2$@ԑt8ozK+'[灨cu :NMz,0DՒMwmtu מtXDGltu$>ktpD AwPltu 5:^ͥ jJ&@x5B)I~7IA5(L jn: "@Ԡ0K,QJ.f D S+Q%jV %@`EYy&QCVf婛PD V[Yn6*Q"P"&8DTC5.R % jbz#@ԸH6[CDMLUOq 51U= j\J$@TGqj(QSSEDDMLUOq 51U= j\J$@TGqj(QSSEDDMLUOq!+ϟ54Xme jV %@`EYy&QCVf婛PD V[YnB 54Xme jV %@`EYy&QCVf婛PD V[YnB 54Xme jV %@`EYy&QCVfd Q@I PQ Dj(@BR"D5 @!)  jQ@HJDfZ $%"@T3@D- @\sjF$LԈ5N /Q#bD:'cjDDQ"5"FM jzkjZ<@ @98P=Gκ,N<^I@Z $%"@N3cjٴZ6:w"@Ni,~_-N @g[H3<{/Iè<8WQ%1NB`).os_,䩡\%3B>WL9ch9$ L#OPu  uvB+Q E/|D4Q^E%IU\}GW p\3K@ YX\% ]ڻDk3@oW:x,#Ʈ9x]]%ٲýZJ{jSsS&h*Qo "UΚ* UkN$UN)[ "U%*QΓv JdáB]%Щ u$s48W:zd@D]4F@]:a^l@D]:C6CD3)vYMD]=@FD6&6ڀ@ٯ(a2G+Q'ψ PU17OD? v܆@W(d "_/utt3DlbG+QWͅ}$J-EQ lyuDzcDxVNG+Q΂ݷ'JE l*QO*X} &j)Q&DdQEC[~uSܣu&C+Q7 _IוfBƮD-8 Jޜ]y+KV]Zv^MDڊ,NಮD->/DD-R#+Q#D9't]G#E?D} &p2D8KD=K &uny.v"E#0 @"AIENDB`nF%m0Ȏ 'cPNG  IHDR^ѼsRGB pHYs+FIDATx^|S{I4iB*eFeOQ eY"dȖ?2De Mٴ@-et{Iw_:R("(s퇏m{{8sqW|q|_ D"@?L@"@ D<'Z'B D"Rmƕn-Z5  ՛h\bj$85'=÷eK/;7Tխڽ'&D<kitrv٣ &q&ËDt5Z.aKIb]I)ĔX^sPzo.\qFU˔22 dþDL0E0HmŔ p W]Ą=X׮\^9៓*3i8FL/#:лӚ-{UGA`%->l'&0}^|;n.Y^e6S4kXD|GIg 8rADD6jެi÷JSAWA?ڷo_|ϥ+лO߭SNFKLmT|fJjΟ9)&. yh\}9A#ܷA,^0lWw̟1^Pa xU&h]q YK.z=DL꼧k+W0:FIRM͙R^Vp;22r`Zjz՚[kq'܋ڦsP{?}̙ ,Ч\O)MfWrj1m^njժk>pDL +z"Jx]llJp,ro3'j̤GO:{Hg.sh~OKz;`JseWZ[~ϋΞ+\Ƕ{ j}ˎ`Tg2q={h!c.\zD3OM5נ{Z۟GO޾q.~/\)-OPd޴cg^Ӟ h\oʔYF99ҵўOi8teYI&/U /uώMcI1J WΝ]DL*'fcpJ׀Ǎ+x*LGNL:}=}(rR)v n6Uo,(4BmMY[p\{i߼qMnt6Lu̢y{߼&'"乫"&!c/_~֧s椈N޷5*oL,ٱz>п{;.5ޭptC zKu&7%jQ$Jr^+?w GN9?<2O6ڸ6_v N.u֝>sY4_8Qk5#DчfxqUK_Zş~Z~ӦUk~;z(m[6z<5"|NZjI.۽C#81M"~bj>ttזQN1zq;G>x]P'/-qvAΗ{//d+JffDufsõ昛 v\5?jժ_L)(..kW-eٸ6l6m[`9s ߍK-t]o߭[9 /q愨ܽ9JDrJ^Y*u/Q [y+|XWvuؾfwp~}["g،GIay;%@g?ܰ,yVtܹsV+ɋp7:=]v֭ Inl tV,&OXg1o~[L.I"oT7._~ܙĔ{ss vh# H9lp޾ihGg0G:mĶSÿc}6d7IߒLwR3br9j&J8/\X A%;xΥxOi^̔^6\S8k\es*vuN?Ҁ~?vUF/ũ=E3jI/lռtMIޡEkTso, 3ogsx2VUC0,8>?advO^)>ESŧeEԙy⬶Xfu=ͷƩȾ'"b8#B1BA9t-(G'`-;u,+xQvg/W '1o^ۿ1ꍊfN^Rys .#J+,|I뭛7.y1^3v -3NF6<2"eKA >6$,|47.K )wj h ,AqjtB'##5^o.&P+`D>kzj`I>s$gj&tU}UhY ‚Q=GQ~# q``8f[ۉ@Aa _o]&AWb7hSyc>oAgMS;:Vsl2uurt-xDz;Vg{9[w:.vwvw~/#KP`w[okXSǷ{OA+eӳKCgC]u>V>|ꖝ\Y·{Mw Vdi2To\Y p+RZ Op,-6tuiLW0%û#5ј&0ˣ(oԂsy)(ldahܰkh,i˿UZ^feKŢwv 6t*˖|f*TL;qV~u.M@y[q伭\a .ƛzzpu4h(<+ ɄHssc]vXp*UFK'@")t[s ;m0"Km1>+Fo^C>!%jh08k֢E*z `6NSDp4p0owG/N~>En.>vti,^S$K"*N*T+4mPБ'S(Ӣi=?YeE9_|g/%|-V-ީ,SqEh]|mtEa-$/P_.鴮j#V9G[Z)]*"VUru7/C"2gLzoZh(Bɍħ'< MfNa+(^--r+X Zз˵P벯p*e)҉\];|܋cc$Sd8q 2"ɭML5 ;eiWU ARd2LaA"%| UM*?%bԱTp29xę!P˸BZ6-Z,~3zu 2pP;۴i9oƲ6X-U~hΆ]z}۝3zU&O|,rGQXaap1gIPrzjL 쀚5`j6k rǘ1`i)v{OݨQAہ-m{m\>n:n63@.he& G2ݻOq6q8iդ+.qpY:H_t5~DNx>|pۯuXT'<رtKg=8zpF4E|5~GFOHyŚ~:pl&L4iӦ0SHЩ^]>@XO'&L3bI㇋ +#b?ѵЮیz@佇C[ DV,ۍ[6Ji.䨫ݴcoމ*IptĞ+ w%H!UȍTu\] Fu(]l`Po ^صmoR_ȵ!!!eUdz9`ToU*j`mۡ3|3,u@_reR D70c|[C:"xf2^ru$̹KǏN8[?v\PF5i01*X to^ ԯ;^ ospjcztd|yL;W<״ef ߆cUXDJ{U SfMK}Fx."Ѿ_Iaژ>ptzz'2۩ӕ082331MnF/Sڿv 1->Q&νH7?A࿯oرcOsX?GI#dDD;D/n8Bh|CɣL:1H۵b͆@n:?z̈oT`."^1x &RfOJ^ۻv駟.^4♇"wE{lЩƜY4iΉǏ֭?Foתzt3+X%E94b._ W'{Vps7}[1=4GGr @钓O;AUgC0U{NbL}Pο[M;\fIO۽_Gg"4hS()ҥK4xviה7S[ٳ>lر$5jȁ})h`G"cNK_p'~嗳R䨭xpuM[NKBdV۵klV3"oILNӼSK|];[SKvtqq <6ߟP:9`p?cz`ur3'[|[txq]ގLK{6'|޽y,Pwg!Z1A_)V‹5 ͛vgtl⫯,[Yh6O8c¤!S[ w=0nN;~ܨaGaTz6`srm۷ϣmV~` = >|aիW뭷N8‰1˛Lr1չxj+BMpiUkmqW({x˔\ gk%>ߏw&CdL-[,Vhhhf}ӣfe+m۶і\3S8S*ll ڿwAsC}B"][w O(S_#}"H'8h)"+c:uQeftp^ =[۱￿5bZTRzFĭ;Io7/P4x=K|LrZP듒-v)|YWT$֛f܉s*GAI6]zr\bDt-r}Yvm@[B(/fxHp0*ܫTqEk(vsС#$w3\d.MG`نc(A"")8n\|#wwߢEUA\?mڸ.._L?0E}fdNrL155bf('@g )[6fNf|Թ}u7kUOsfos 8#ȜSI^-s0]vl\xLDQ謢rܭ<(>rx9ͲOk4Uߪ(kreiHhM/J ?[:Ld}?$buٮC9xK?phR̰}ϡ5jVRRk7mԮS]@i)|+XO +F\Iq|[>A$U)VLIz„Y9({d0Ww)Qs@}6lX1cbjQͤP̄L>n9%}\ڥ 'X7zPS2_ieŊ%zH Dܮa bչ%ҡG(a QV-0 rZ옜6>"OL'_ʂ[e"Ycc)js=l\v\98"&&Jˋ'1$Tvu߾mо}ϿX0 W,ּE?27W2Z"Fѳ|6(] S+_*0TE;o@"f1#AaW795cհaWO4hVߕ0Oyž'#/6kՔGJ%b8+-Ҙn%o̼ߦK;N+YQP.$&Ogz_@`] 11_;7@46{oEΝL">hlsFzRŋ1kHMYFn^),ljH4ds o"S238b2Ym>9 N-WzTM֝dJ܁=1UfZ/VMo6iN?x|Ua8% kz!] jL)))̻rjTo^ǷF&k$&2%{Lvvd[`B0#)A)|3VHvcy׌+`j`NcmK͙׷kŋéQ4+>*΀,AYE݊0C-pd$D-_I\FzrD/6'GlZ-Z>qj TaZ.(KAR\(T@d#yt |5r ̄_.\81e`-/1hn#ktٕXmc9!3"]'rڲ- #i78C4j4%-uۏsDg9ZgZX=]'\r]IZ{|<3Yuoݷow+$sdl!,?:?dFj wrYr\%xZ,Xˇ\hNl`N|L\\\LLҒ8WGOGGW!|M߳z*Q{yDriF ^̬lݺuEX -Nz9"i:KaJr v #fr/fū6Q.ˑ5S|bB9d=x,X}.[JF/ yv[1}y#@{M]veaSXD[>1b[n "PϞ_ ,<>?š-SLϐLJ'=WpŸ?>/e\# gswabB$*|/(`0%kO@ՙca.ۥ%#9wVx)Мbs-&m=ܮg\g}NlSPH^_(\g?"XM¦5DpPBW޺uِ}꓎9RJ11%Yl%4n=rg×/_gϢǰUUCg<֫(9\XO'W[L^(*0J&X"_]vr?N__^/n2~%9AF?s]/"GKvON˼3O6dc_8T1ul!~E%0/-`ѿ I?0?ѣo[9z:cXir}<$ MA7Oᙒx}SPLH|9a ppx6vPH.W?KG)gw\9\Lيׯgo0?Sʍ{nPOzw`._u@%(yizVͰ<ϓ { X1(?BMOTCLyŽ' R7!?\<9FIAr_YPlbA%TC*$Y eg {ǧ s(=U(ybxzu[ /Nx0߹s)ƛ ޓW%ΏD"ؑ/`aX,ެ†,KO:rW|1l"m~K~ˋU &/2f|ncq'[n7 Y̱D5 ]<[}l8uɾB|VоQ tN+gleV :-Bv~۸qk-.]u[bݳ[Jt}1_|+b-u5&.# ϳuΝ;~x݆MH: 9:{r .WCsLPjJFIUK )R͛7Y,$P3Uz9w\{[Ԕ#™9nςòmXsc/fNk9$avh/N 9sDoK [8ymΐP,&Is CrZq/$X LqY#/?{g%-(Z!YKrEH91zf}TBZq>ʒThNuۿ̛Cꈾ>Sg-D?]䛓{y /}齷J τX2>v";gn4k֌90lz RWE&K\_/{Ɉ^ˢEk!5D`|V5a-y9hDLi\ X GFy<  8ԨD _mUL=g;թS'ĨFdsd=]c i]tF͛7дgLa I)T']QSNe(1ʪ21G! Tr0=n3J3*;9& n ]1^;r#f9頯:G޻ufɒ%ܙd}U71eFqٿ.t?Ǖqa1#i;H4D#Cs?c*ń$AvArrўgBvd.Μ٥-59Rx-Z߄*8jH2EҽΜ=Dz*m_|3ӄr+#& m  s+%M%pчE&%'bmP}z^n=<<h=&.V.ubj=G=@H*Uaf*y'6c4爒I̹1qغ Bʋ!>G2Wfe/8>ϙ4iJߺ;yH &#DZR :ĥqsj䝬GBrx_X>1tkf(/ J _󺣖 +Igi};c!"3'륕zqڶw߅/#EgJNxtOݰS1>J7:X>_U41c|䴄Ĵ cd X~ٲ0hР#]= _'$Dj:*u D{GhY)|l.SЭu+dv$_ Kr[g}~ Wɠ:t8GKsۿ>R#DkGB K^k`pdI1†,NFx#tʔFXU0 $#G]As*HLszNhԤO; x-{دzٽ{wR>zɲ+'t5bZ͵'0vڭ”isï\4[./]DIC ;[̲KТ6<~]qA?}Pӛ僶m7Z#2"󧏝ardg?| S|NEo2&E^8=C{,{̒245`NwdĈ g1!gGӇ\8wjժ :z m>({ z鯫&~w4Ag/޻vQX# Ȃq˧LiqR8)1qT%Eaφ'1ӺupAg._;ru3eiH4'fβey'_D]!āc,Sz2 B;r\H%رE0<>jjA{rXp{#'ySz t+vfQmp]hg%C gqkott t 8؛uqޱLjN'ӿA?%˚ Ʈ+)4ڷٲuLnܒxs'&!!ud)7< hv2yfQa'_W~H)ɴ,] Tb7oG^~ [Bc@gwLK-S2<^əQg 9|K2cᫀ8zUĭZ 1^Dmf}7l ɐ>8b*Ք|f*NGY)˓2O4EQ tf%(`B:Vb>f23 QQw==.K<+iIڰ^-؉ĤK.Ub,H+F}dp|=}lSvhUHbȈ ȁԳ}Sh]ͷgT(WF7̚5뫁XU` 緐F L_ (ىvH<ж6!9yzapdR 6}ZrJڑcg*Ut)蜔_O3!QE0-e~; "LPI Jj80%Vy%C`VL^ ?Rd)&z).nj֌pc@t81y 1%TaIj-kvl]~9VT*[畫DzIiwCeK,Q4Va,?о+T?~ĉǡC@"Fr&WRrM̖/ubNfzU{n]>)zt7vmߔ֬qr<+_K;GJ}z>x?C Eo!}aRM5iKIͦewciii<ͺk3׵:߯$ ȱӐE'Q&2?e}xCmܸ2G̭[@2"8#'w4q+~]ҵ;b:Ml7#;x-\ &^Y0 6yL1=6yECB0nٲ}*)n?׉tǖHBf |G/^:ԫS=%5ʕ vRTEUM@8dW~i]$ص(e!({zgM/QXs`1?!/"e ܅*j1ʲȝW#I#J [s*%Gi”fL .cq[yўw*n'M̢؏{АRsnI"%(/%zzM29YFs]v,])p2ShǥނhRlX:a ao*cևW~# e-PkTX9vlE09E52軹DvՙpXH'9%D%ѐl0rhsl)#&)x5K^#1!-|n\}̺wUhϑ5&J;2-KY-q~ خ.[֒#2='U[ e9 bzb#S\AٽÔy3+yg 3o[ B.G !r)70VYD ^/eYyؗri iPpѮ>(3O7oĢNz5W[ոm޾/N`X^YTW`ba+2iHj˄`IfO\f ?[}֞HwPDEP2g"Xaժ "$C`,.scHZPrjZyۙ/JI$b%,Na fb409>װ#X4Wӑ~v\Z9E/$$Qaoeyda#Xϕ\LFNy\F\L]EE|ew7c[6^"Px$Pxft '`:畫V.4]Zlv\jV?앺LeO_VFFFN3ÞG QbiU$@j Ll3-WVw7Rm=t*ܟ+G=#fvRwط1@0#$:bҦ" ߗՀ r^9䂘щqc/""zs>2sI%L/@+BWDT "@ D#Y> D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6 $" D"@ D"@l6JIENDB`n  K0'A*sp/x/_|z_O5ASc]P#PPa5,>Ăb =*ȏ;=љ&HW11AFX1~$0Ĉ10MC p0#a0H  .6B2c!xmxNƆf&>4XΏz^ljwZ 71NW=~d=2 Z{c͙3acm0fǰ&Ke`eqA3ky\lX42Β^8.G%zhq"3 zicsHl%#\i܃ŻL EeV`|;.T6yG;U4bNGp)iT+i^]`pI `tR 6񹕌䈲I9CټԈqbT"VWQ^Đ"9Cޕ|Se ?Ҙ蘶(@o]՘x5bdb*$FCC>ySbPak5AF15 pgsqrq7<\,1(k~ƨy C^cb46$Hi3kH! X%1E&@9k>Fļ6۳Fi@\Q6RP!D Jiq{ll|{Ei_X )8="qnKG RV˭j;쿶뾐~jU28qXf.xh!pC?LݙDxnJ13/{b!uGߵC33SwY`ro`!p13{oUɹ[]zֆ͓Um+'cK^%"IENDB``!y^g-Wx.V:hq!1-G^x} lUum)w|~f&bƨSi4תZwԩUucAݪsν9לk}yF[F; ~q4?qwF>|?(6?xğd_~o=]Iǯ{9[r7K?ѷ~at;L/փKǷ)>Gq埁b˟nt}Ο}4Gq8x5jԨQF5jԨQF5jԨQF5jԨQc#^+ ] W5jԨQF5jԨQF5jԨQF5jԨF QF5jԨQF5jԨQF5jԨQF5ZZ5jԨQF5jt|+o-R?5\}Qcr`@cZyFyB/j½{gWY+8EN־Ϝػh -w^x1`ڑQbmszjL{앏5.jt?kNkcЇ>T+k$u]]ԘwLg? ??[#unu@V`X+0OzO8eOW??,wu^wȹϾo􎈧'K4Xk`A{ujوɈkELq)mku~T<"y)~E@CEڧC!h48՘9}hmKi_{Ȼk_-/YIǔ_mi܁ٯ҇D`K^"ECNٟ8/v=s4eɮ|Li#Tѧź|^+pzu9^ zU"G#n~ _?Ρx9U"w֌|-"Oˡy[yQ=+r0KWsC=>q| D^zNkhuc=!j6<ȯFS틸Zy?|59͈F*ޏF1#.b}{=3P&r0) Z1ǿH<<OzEɟ̟9yIcTk6b>UB|}9-]{NgNq58МW=7[|Sj =6)21O%k8m P@AKqy퓟?0q'F*1ާΚGoAߏ`z9ܺFr[o|nO=/#Nz>>WEmu#.\r]9:5PZ?=?1wKʧ|#͛7>񏯈??l?ϻ;ZwmLq2ǔW|pi_Ss>4X!{wuט7p} 1>P.QяY9[ݔ<U{89ڱYSzǸW|cs'8S:υ ~P=`X?u %r5R{HOmbσ\VjbNέh.:w}(jM0ϞSCqoT;X-gzgY6b݈>/zVbܤZϏ2\bTu`k.q^9GQ$j֏5"r1׷ҟVM^Z kQ H"yαrNq9'ޯzm\5#or\u~O&N.lm5}S C)~wz׻y/#Nz>_ڨ>Uf\LyԈVyE?8_Z~t(xP}^yx;iTqzp]k#p߸ ozi+9!uS{%UG\s9kFWsCw#7sT>Z(rQ{}ǯ)+S^vN{nk1r^vX_uIp[w圛CpP}h%{nŁy^Nz>_U5"T]{L[7,y-q"?EE/PU#y1~7~c?uQqz.R9cSf\\/Պޟju^{LIjaΏjBg3qP}j`JK"5Or~ַ-oyK#3=sS9#j֍Iq?蚹VO8MM\5Z=ҾZA/ZA{=Ϲni7xc2&2GȧF\z7{¾ ֊mg3:q>Z S=Ҝfe,]}s=(w/o~[CU^zN赱oןVMO骅ڛ5nޏjMW un"A( R 0/VTzT*7WWW_xhʿS]ÿ[^V{Tukג59]kH]yWƨ\b޳^V*7")87y|D-EE\=]lY]]y>\kW4yS)7W~W˿cxQK?XWz/Ci)SqN^N-8#HՏ8ՎA߷aLy9Au{]x sR~5E#._W&_뺜[{;՛N/Gy{9m6-^Z?j Bcu]7k8XrR?_.*SZNJ$t-ROZOޏNA@ry׼կ~u#s&_赱8V+b/Y&vTo:g'gZkB`P#!箹ѫ^㐛կjXE8kŜ?{:To:ᤞ478jMA{iaΏbMsTE S^8I 0'W\1F^ze/{|r8n o}5>HvXSu=hMl,:9^z2.1.E]4 G~#}c^2'=#.ϑ"֕e׊H?utz$>6\gLèu<rr5dN7ѻ*ٻb9z^cn1=Yg5zK_:%g=>|jzHu%Q/[QoG5F=V?_nkIRKySsZ轫֏ ks9vgN;ѩ:z_~Od>^|c}6*GHyT{XSvxӮdZ<,#y~S4O-BGsdbщ'8:GwcO8||d}us\ԞrS\XMw걦SsF|2I<)srkKkÒjI/bMM65'tI'|{ы^4:GGyd#c9f|qƍcxࢯubYKF]kDsxez48Ն~_y\T &d<Yk2W̱?|ta9<:蠃Fx5ϟqc*Us\b&FS?yS Y)wsjԹ{]z4c6|h_{9-D?zs5yu衇v~ _8>ncܰaØ|="{Tw&i[͛j9ijߥGV|Is4ޏ2 sE9Țc>>{^{g_9|d}E;XsS?轩s5b^͐ëJKGeް6IGZ<~us-A9sy{vmѳ,w}>|w}-Z+e?}٢g=ֶzs9Fs}??j{7rk}_ϕȨku+_+>2/wuN;4vmGK4u֍ye2["Y-?'Քm>6I?SўTW-9ަĞjRuS+UuQc0K]ve̹k=:Wn=l7 a_z_GF=UZP+ׂܫa]c> rpȵ+k"hDQד~ïѾNg֍wY2^'%sia\i5(ׄ%ycF]y\[UMd3ߙ}9iiX׉9.я6oʼf~3y/󁟿8w||t<3wQy8,SdC05gJ|h\rx#1!Y0t./^9D!ߛO!UV l-kfY++gCԒay)sacج^s׭QKdӉzVs=gĞ^KAQm*Fj/8¢[ZXG߀joXs{U13J?5ϡ'y? sW^3Wu I#XCh۫dծOW=rgF_OXSn}xoE}ǰ2XuF 0|dmJnFT־ԑÒj=9q_-ԓ]}lJqQuõj#Q3`׺o +֐^ uiS1=g#UG<&I9u/a}T==o*ƾ{G5;l #9 ן5|l_׋8yC-,Ǹ%ai?=8Ϻϡޔ127MiEx*>k9Ƽd_sn8>^5{ZF,K?-ԳnJՆwl{vj?u>{5%5$޴y7Z'jS}qĺgPa0o|b8~4qPƹkkoY,ԒY])5׉9YG|>: T}*M\\b`~mO=-IsֆG3^Myc7i։ms{T|kQ9 '?ZGx68|68ֆC=|p^M7eM%Ni"։gwN8s2=j 8~F}AOZVx@sJIg/3g'I?幍3&rmg*war}~9UȻv<%{l:rvsѽUm>Xs]^rs|fnSq> ?C/أrso\gk9k'su9g.^|=>ڑ/>,_]5d\Gjοa9걦z;Gj{ .jϕ{3O}SMU2\`⯹CO*s>C=+cy?uy&SU:i!rz'ލxk"֔gKi\Ӟ4ѯr6%3sfN9x(ك|]CYyoz| 堯KhJ ^ά<)󝯽x:6\GΛSkPSx=i)ُ>O0FCyޖ=,Ck=|.P9 RA󐏋8 [,\Ol_65)M>+=s\y!@þFGr(W_;2wZ)T벮q(_e5^H_{2O`&^jnn9 skޢrDMIyoɽijx&FsќGVl"WgYnT}T>"'y)?c~)G 8=ѰO^㟁ߏK1|stw 9Մ9?ʿ7T4%=2i~MNsسa?iW.\ \HUIW'R;< _W:/О%D?Ka3O:yLTfRMԞ cS_+Șf{+y>󑵍=!UG$+BV@kAU/⠯ яfjan͛jaZͲV`kCXN~;Q޲^kWk<]@^\R=E>C %%rGazz^gz9FIkb$}eCJ?#/˸õqQ<8uQ[R =FAz~^jI-j ٦u~q414ux".xO$yqi֍}8׏Fr-I=ZF<HiYu]=).F}0T)>*'=/KCωu%v cʏ~iiZ知&j}V{4Zo\Oڎ9ü@Nz^"7}p_(.=^Kiq|)FLѶu6U ڦ%sqZ6OT.F.֌^y.y{4yxf='>_sob<9[u69{|m5^܇eG 8=ԈGU͏Z rf~MwD=ȟv"=rQ"u]֌|?_kY8x0'9Kg?f}c2x?5ܯϹʚ}^ ^/eq}2~ qPy7S^ kl2Wk|1_{y=,ߋ^Y${^FkJK8IR]N/GyٶQG%{HΔ%z[rJR53xև{SQ^4@Yq> q} ֏%u>N2M{GʟFֶO.׈|_{K?zVIJ ^>T9湆ޓƈlS@\1rk88-?ZpvV~֌^YSԫCr/H5='k$vm@yyclC|Pq0PYʏ2firQ`&F#- QѳbZzYz^GN) D:)ԄՏ.&?jŨo8ErSU}~sR =Si`T T=ؕC!ZCVȵJJ]T_7F|d|dFNz^*75c5 n=>sׁ^LMqe|M8`P5yV,bO1H#usDnv =W+܋@@ڏ55zj¡i+eZ.㙄zS}STXC9ǜkiUKnĹ>c̏FKE>8yy\傏՗*"E:~5K`̗[Kk#_=K9Dnv <_jy5{VF1|8m1w]cz+u]]>k֘ޫbI%rYx^ yqOk64׍~>PGןv_6~G{KM(o)40W:r\Ԟ_\|j}iCy9y^)R>kh.qofkZG `D5c]r4<猸ׅZF>1m䟩/N\sŔOMiz6>82\ȷwmk_Jч~̴9XkŬS}tcMkȷwȽHJu`Jumfh{MXV]+rm6w9y\. ^s46jFK~4ZZ.Y3(^1eM\sZxJ~eʳN 9\LyZF_c񱄓>_cor/ꛢgF8- ԘCʧ69NFDn"?]RSkYh`.G6F^56N*/^F, ~Ļ{T0g0=>>/^q~_~=?#ׯ.Z{vZ5&11.sf>)_a.k~>_G_:u38U/kb W?yɺ\>^9k{))u~k?F2"J\QF5jԨQF5j""V`dkj"Cr zȃ?;t#4z\7wѷg/ŷ_3-=#?uTQGiuQqZGuTQGiuTQqZGuTAuQqZGiuTQGiuQqZGuTQGiuQqZGuTQGiuTQqZG0+_2"5G?ƊA/o<35 ve~UWv}:f ayPqyS21c,8]xs=s9*No5)Ъ e)eG˂%DָXp BׂDq.,NEךV.XmmtpJj|CZ;-)asMeY[q ?kL1,6S?ivdi2Uqi L.B:N5.J9~M̕6?^9ȉW8^#
 iDT ۗwxf^FMfPd%$)jK)6hM/Rz1<`M'J{,f8Dk!MQibِ%hm&Vk\eV8DCZQLx6*0/rp[Ĭ*5ou6]2\dZo ui>D{ ύg㾕}*g!r fz܊UV*vTS5A)6ӨzPI4?[X^*A*VVKYSM 跤4R4*>4D˞M0> Otx01VKXH YuwE>NiJ Hևi4DhJTzM:L y6Si?@UԴ( }MOʁ5̆*huXL򔗵~OHjBCI<-o"0v-r뭷|ͷ&}DG~_Ĭ,rKXBwjn8% sF"< _ n7A#͛?W;D/]6i TN{0gBw Ff? ϻu 75` ?a`ShExU=Pp wݻ8tܴ(] RzFj C x:l @GÎq"`3hm&?Tj Hœf@*ZL!B SOŽdOOCGeC66K7hm&Vص2J 48[կpڣil] *R4RsFQ 4??f`-rK@VMR8ӮTlREJu3FчZb4x0w@4/bkUrmfhu=@ Ͳʠ:yM5W)uhj:Mfj'>iyB4*&*݄Nwx|SC:6JNy_O[b5j8j)ծʅidvO hQ)R24l:Ho<~1ާÁW0hz뭷 @ Ul@u(:?)uPv55L[ &HpjiN@겧aQq{z^l!Z4Xo,jXSVI+Jl)_RJO2$iP@<ir6&Vv*6kШNsRigR-'3 4*4j4l 3nw]7HYXD9Ljv4hT*/pډxbL!BGq[4S912UX鬛o8[5Uʨ/\JTj-iQ쓶( }P֛#=mXA8X pPŲ g2F= y L=ITTR.x6=60ZCk36*U+T ”7Syq)ҼSjh*~ֻ4A(b:~mؑY˰Vqḇ"T'ǹ*vliT]j?N;iX>9ŷzΖb3?RzsFB-"< }19lhuURK=̛hG[lVK8uVSQMХvB ]+(W4_>ӟꫯ RzS&B!f!Z1Bjr_:N*IR>(*R[e TR+ C=7ǯ¸K1uhu5*v_'UoSdV_j”,{/,N;~fęԓS|->iF- <46 YCVKP*daJ Œ) idB/i3 OW㗣!1X3PfAՌ*TMTt驅 pکZA&SW>մ'u@%AFҨ|x]c`+h'Є*$جBj)t.INOa5?N'XAT2_l)6]T(aJ*I`|x\wu6u!lV˭Xf@XR]/5_Mujyϔ%H-Bxal,CVLZ*eTI%bILpžid&HX4jk^֡U TɓX_jR^jXM-iWsUÞid*4RzIϫx%tЧXC8K!TY%P-Qt¿YM奿kտP8mNS_RAI2[4V;@*Z/i!TI|VhB**&KݼyT륆4ZUiBJE/r%\rE]xOf VU.!TͨKoKn&Uu~gQgQLp̩~F *ta25'EJ' B s=zxD|ygӧt IZ%pYU:fTmJ?R]5%)5#džbY^8%39͋Cwe~LQŖb)QAyG0$0qvک╃9S,/JW*PE UĨco)\j*t8ys* 2}}8Mod"s! '|'xwq'pO1Vʭt.]!tRC~6fÿٝ5)=JNoET$oN3~*IfKpBnڴ"#WzcO7n$?@ .0Wf?R]ៗ~]ÿĢZN; "ӰΩ[{SlP *LŖJu/(:0H`<;C9>蠃<@/w#8P,hBj*TNm_ ~kXp>wkg5CӧVʭtyϣIu]wimcݺuzw&Z g*TkRJB~Wa)e%(gfSݵ'~(ʘS3/T(qwQGt=.B|C2Z9m6)AJ~J/rR)A[JUJK,jXJک֒ӹRnf?lJN[}(Bs*}}(a2'IeI)G>  Tx:+XJ%K)T~WENLI)7K~+PZg8bJtJ4M'/)BJ: z$ycFm OxI^|T;OW&4?oQ[6/5.B]38M<ͦS,~Y ,̜Z/(O> BJIǩjnFc-a(RJ-T3YT>ZL)pj%?JakJpO|ǩ0NQMRnZYcE/& I8J$D=$Ї>~E t te)SZSBcIpZؚZ8m{MٔržN"pJ*Qx#A8%tKJ8S){q81uZqZqdT+Nt~zB q>6}6m [S}UgUGz:*Uu4OzWӭڊ꨽ SN9([2H uTK__R2O:#>`ko[ne+H"@V :(K/=mTK-oPI(z*O)uݺumVRbNzs4Mm~?7p~TJ)\,uEE5V?TJ2TPL))KT)Y`7%SἩ[.AmnY*=yEX׷(Plt:~kK/M=}ғG=!!c@>y;L,(gN{O3P:Y/5:^*//su] 3RSR>I J|sB$(£z"^ BSIҎ2g;irQXo>w$.W>>>k6}›x뉤-R 6ߤ҈*^;P݄\7gڼ$u_&c˧S/-jxTX7>[N/ܼOeE( 1hzPJt$/ ,7{M|ӌ95fEbjp%XoT+T%cJb% Rn&hPr۾ ɶD A*LJ?SMs -ܭktLRiQf}Χ-Qls),%h%$`O8uئ=iFGuYTѹ2Wj4Ds/ƾ=S-\5%OL27 U\rGr%0{z-ѧtM6'u 섂[K6Al|IjEyZdʢvVhROmهШNH;$PAؔM%S:FvABKdҟW4 Wr>>Z9JF~LRC7Y*hze^d^٤>Jgǟ>on*~x~ޜ}zjZp Ԕ)U\jJhlIܙ>ǁTY=O&<|I=t:j_)n)m}(][ǜ"=p[~K(9s$$mp39c{ApکjZ~5~\[|B(cq:_n<#ȽGHOH=$f&\]T/pS_RO>y'd({OySp2 `Ly_˳x: B%VzA`)G}ƍB7]> ҹt}I|!lڴitK/%CyR4v8}âF Sj|TpSԧ' ` |H@ʉJ~z- TT?8:?묳>`.Pz2)SOm}wɔ^dn^-pGGJ/+R[qP%&â T?iOsBs1OLz6?OJE8gZilذ0HV8H Oz!A?_?QRB(>u m̓M4$foD-s鑩{I3JoԦQ zWNʊtVC# + &{ <%{m,Int}'@@cۏ Eס‰z9aϔ@tgO9NCoIɧTKu=ШJ3 XűJn`?xR?DG)TDQ:w} gq]p= Jt9xwqGRgKCŧ)%fL jџpAjRj= k ?iczx`i'% 4H)o Y$'ʃ?IdFπ_ף2Q@*]5Tה*>ʀ'tᔀC!R$Q&' -a=CW]u՛a&҅2x6J7Cս}hKM/SI2 J{=Yp̳)Z_UiVQR<6[ye[t$**iԴU!H]I[i9Ne 6jԟiTyJpVqbYmsGrPK [*5~|ž8|2] TWM5SjQA;ҬBkE*PFŐT$S"}&vժi[>LR4R3߄* UWV(`bmU9*i IK@JG-m*4]2mL'OTqRK/MO5S*n_IMA=&VBMڭ!ElqP)EolUz FttKHZd:N;;R)5,ZTT& T]YEp0uƍ{_r*6l@#tĤu7q>Ŏ;xQGO: W]u}IQME/.c9կ~5]n >+UeF/սR)şF2] jPv?NOʩ+T fW)X/RBVSO=]A8m<ʏ;\I%0^^H)P+vy׼5g'sϥQV4jZ}R{!HC[_'̟͟d:N{k SQA A:6[UN QlW,1ga(/迂J"|0a.hwDB1!fuZ@!Hі/&UiWR󷂪CU:جB*}A볞,JXBs!K@%ʋ:37mD?<] ji~*qe&y5Lߵ?$) PP%j vۍ93LL@E(-e/#N ޛn,׾p2ׯ'|g<JBi~B΢wzmiFOs"C~]SjFoT]L\b5N/s4(.?ozӛ׽u;k+1 OLP54jZ|œ uRYdO LӮTTA*UVYJh[ [ {$+y6?0;K JߝL]AjKW~J]:j**Y&Tj$cE@"fx̞OQyJ܈PF!>iӓ4~UU2bͬS2[<:VVR^B+GҫeXĬVGW{vJקB!(Q3T X;-4H1Q9jU\bu6ҫLdm޼0kmrHW<7x:4jZ/U8A |i?[8GfM 0chjVR le|<)QNUTS4jZbۖ[4GV]5`CkY-9JݭA1"MO@ (.!ut˧ഷ4 TĪUL @k5ض;^NGxJ s( =Qzqzҡ@ڣ,8mK*S=&Vqh̷+5r3Î CSmQ4~έ yl6\bmUϏ`aucބM6Ө3S|$*:C+V^Y-h~$6#FM͐> ykT zb?. XĬLwVuZoULRv_=N,U TXlx)%Vgha`kM ;N`3LC-B?H]\6N$֦ 0fĬM00`bi**"t4  T'/< @p XY-"d`lo>tJ]tN*?6ظo +1kERشJ:AUBtnp:`DrVK[A驪'6Q<B] ׂoK{Vmb`mB4`6[9%JSe @:g85t? `[oj ?aDxbB-дtJfz5Ĭ֐kpȉLf3{<6(/k3 ` [Dna3aUtoXĬ֐;dtqpj5U;&#?itqjYcrJ!\ؗ71|G"k+_!Q^5i;t ^{kEW}_NMK&IJS |8c | b|D JpgѠ/DCן9TNĠh41 1;zN׆Jk};wTd8_[F0NeV̓^d` Y"2FxHS1]򣠛^g;┰v~pO kO‘?_J &MɳV yΒLJ2{ .&X.b$D[T2e) 1b$)3|h1+ҩ}e|T2b$%m0Ȏ 'cGDb$ K0'A*<Ћ$$2$g-Wx.V:hq!^ 0AA 3f@8 3ʚ;ʚ;g4KdKdc 0ppp@ <4dddd@w 0t, 80___PPT10 ?  %%%WA Pragmatic Approach towards the Improvement of Performance of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols&XW  Rajesh Roy, Sudipto Das, Pradip K. Das Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata  700 032 rajesh.roy@rediffmail.com, sudipto.das@rediffmail.com, pkdas@cse.jdvu.ac.in 4P'>| Presentation OutlinefAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications ConclusionZ $3fP%3fP]$3fP ] Abstract  Mobile ad hoc networks are characterized by high mobility and frequent link failures  Results in low throughput and high end-to-end delay The primary goal of an ad hoc network routing protocol - correct and efficient route establishment between a pair of nodes. Routing Protocol Implementations suffer from some inherent in-capabilities to cope with highly dynamic scenarios. This paper proposes to introduce a New Layer in between network layer and IEEE 802.11 MAC sub layer. This Layer interacts with the underlying MAC layer and provides link connectivity information as well as various other valuable parametersjPj-!Presentation OutlinegAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications Conclusionl $3fZ%3fZ^$3fZ  R Motivation  }Performance degradation of various Ad-hoc Routing protocol implementations due to Fluctuating Node Problem and Communication Gray Zone Problem Specific requirements of certain routing algorithm e. g. Extended Device Driver Interface by Signal Stability based adaptive routing protocol for measuring received signal strength Generic Platform for developing Ad-hoc Routing Protocols "~P|."Presentation OutlinegAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications Conclusion^h$3fZ @4(4Our Solution  A New LayerIn this paper, we propose the introduction of a New Layer Main function of the New Layer is to gather information about the Network Information gathered by the Layer augments the Routing Entity Shares a portion of the Routing Overhead from the Routing Entity2PA%Layer Description(&The Layer requires some sort of beacon messages to detect the presence of a neighbor as well as gather Network statistics Design Alternatives Beacon messages inherent to the IEEE 802.11 MAC layer Protocol specific Hello messages We use the latter option Interface to Routing Entity Lookup TablexW W /#Presentation OutlinegAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications Conclusion|h$3f !'Issues addressed in this Paper Fluctuating Neighbor Problem At the transmission borderline, communication tends to be unreliable due to fluctuating quality of links. This leads to spurious HELLO messages, which, once received, do not reflect correctly whether consistent communication between two nodes is possible, or not. As a consequence this means that shorter but unreliable ones can replace stable and longer routes Communication Gray Zone Problem In IEEE 802.11b, broadcasting is always done at a basic bit rate while data transmissions normally are sent at higher rates (up to 11 Mbit/s in IEEE 802.11b). Transmissions at lower bit rates are more reliable and can reach further than at higher rates. As HELLO messages are broadcasted, this is the main cause to why gray zones appear Gray Zone Problem PjP PcPPPj c-+Fluctuating Neighbor Problem$ , Communication Gray Zone Problem  $0$Presentation OutlinegAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications Conclusion|h$3f 1 2'.A Pragmatic Solution Stable Neighbor Detection/A N-consecutive periodic hello messages scheme Minimum signal strength threshold value for hello messages Neighbor Status Unstable Meta Stable Stable ^z&R($A Pragmatic Solution Changes to AODV%:Changes over AODV to make it compatible with the New Layer;;1%Presentation OutlinefAbstract Motivation Layer Description Issues Addressed in this paper Design Specifications Conclusion^g$3fZ G ) Conclusion  <The mobility scenario in an Ad hoc network has led to the degradation in the performance of the routing algorithms Unavailability of various parameters, like received signal strength, network resource usage etc., to the routing protocols, and The need for enhancement in their performance - introduction of a new layer between the Network Layer and the MAC Layer becomes imperative In addition to providing a solution to some problems like Fluctuating Neighbor & Communication Gray Zone  provides a Generic Platform for future enhancementsN!P_PP%[&Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the facilities provided and support given by all the staff members of the Centre for Mobile Computing and Communication, Jadavpur University formed by UGC under its  University with Potential for Excellence program. PA  0` 33PP` 13` 3333` Q_{` 333fpKNāvI` j@v۩ῑ΂H>?" dd@,?n<d@ `7 `2@`7``2 n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>  $4(  4 4 <L" F 0  4 Tؒd" F 0  4 <"U_ F 0  4 Td">& F 0  4 NL"P F 0  4 <`"p F 0  4 C x4?d?"bUv F 0   4 <p #" `   T Click to edit Master title style! !$  4 0\ "   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  4 6( "]}  `*0  4 6 "] }   b*0  4 6 "]T}  b*0< 4  A"pP 4 <A ??" < 4  A"< 4  A"p 4 0"0  KJadavpur University 2< "4  A"p  #4 0 Œ"= WA Pragmatic Approach towards the Improvement of Performance of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols*XW   $4 0ɒ"`P  B4th Asian International Mobile Computing Conference, January 2006 4C(2 @B 4 s *޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.(г%+D=' = @B +  BlendsF  0 ]U+8(  8< %8  A"4T + 8 "+bb P@ 8# "Dwoh 8 s *"PP 8 Bd" P@bb P 0  8# "Nyh 8 s *"P   8 Bd"P 0 z  8 <" a*h  8 s *"  8  f?d?"+)  8 B ?#" ` p  T Click to edit Master title style! !  8 0 " `    W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $ 8 6$ "`p   d* 0 8 6\ "`p   f*"0 8 6 "`  f*"0 8 <A ??"pP  8 <A ??"  8 <A *??" *< 8  A"p 8 0" w < 2  8 0t"`P  B4th Asian International Mobile Computing Conference, January 2006 4C(2 @< "8  A" T< $8  A"@t< &8  A"  (8 0"= WA Pragmatic Approach towards the Improvement of Performance of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols*XW  < *8  A"4  +8 0@"= WA Pragmatic Approach towards the Improvement of Performance of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols*XW  B 8 s *޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.(г%+D=' = @B +  0  0(  x  c $ 80P  x  c $  8P   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Fv@Mr+D=' = @B +  0L0  D(  Dr D S pd& 4   &  D S j& 4  & "p`Pp@8 @0` D0@`n@ @0`  D@0`ZB D s *DԔ@0`0ZB D s *DԔ@0@ZB D s *DԔ`0`T @0`  D# @`ZB  D s *DԔ@0`0ZB  D s *DԔ@0@ZB D s *DԔ`0`H D 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +  0L0 0`$(  `r ` S `|& 4   & r ` S 8}& 4@ & H ` 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.Iv:+D=' = @B +  0L0 P H(  Hx H c $Ћ& 4   &  H c $ & 4p & "p`Pp\F @0` H 0|N @0` H @0`ZB H s *DԔ@0`0ZB H s *DԔ@0@ZB H s *DԔ`0`T @0`  H# @`ZB  H s *DԔ@0`0ZB  H s *DԔ@0@ZB  H s *DԔ`0`H H 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +  0L0 0(  x  c $<& 4@   & x  c $& 4@ & H  0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.Iv:+D=' = @B +  0L0 ` L(  Lx L c $& 4   &  L c $& 4p & "p`Pp\F @0` L 0 |N @0` L @0`ZB L s *DԔ@0`0ZB L s *DԔ@0@ZB L s *DԔ`0`T @0`  L# @`ZB  L s *DԔ@0`0ZB  L s *DԔ@0@ZB  L s *DԔ`0`H L 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +  0  d](  dx d c $& 4   & x d c $& 4  &  d0 ZA e?AA ? 4Q X  e &fR d 0X""`@` fR d 0"` @ fb d 0"` P P fb  d 0"` P   d 0<& p - _)Schematic Representation of the New Layer*(2* H d 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.]hp+D=' = @B +5  0 LD(  x  c $& 4   & x  c $T& 40 &   PA  4#" ` `  &H  0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.UG+D=' = @B +  0L0 p P(  Px P c $do 4   o  P c $T o 4p o "p`Pp\F @0` P ` @`@ |N @0` P @0`ZB P s *DԔ@0`0ZB P s *DԔ@0@ZB P s *DԔ`0`T @0`  P# @`ZB  P s *DԔ@0`0ZB  P s *DԔ@0@ZB  P s *DԔ`0`H P 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +}  0 $(  r  S D2o 4   o r  S 3o 4  o H  0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.l{H+D=' = @B +   0 8U(  8r 8 S Ro 4   o r 8 S Pao 4  o )8  p 8 prB 8 BD` p p g@  p 8 pt2  8 6"``t2  8 6"`pt2 8 6"` `2 8 T ??"`0  k 2 8 T ??"`@  2 8 T ??"` k { fB 8 6D` ` 0 fB 8 6D ` @  8 6Dfo@ '  5A 2 8 6jo0 ` G  5B 2 8 6Dio0   5C 2H 8 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i. ?+D=' = @B +  0 0 @Q(  @r @ S ro 4p=   o 8 PV@  @  LN :@  @ PV@`  @ 0A ?:@ 2  @ H ??"` ``   @ 0Luo@ ` Z  ;A 2  @ 0xo w  9B 2 @ 0|o0  < 2   @ 0o   o802.11b transmits broadcast packets at a lower data rate (Usually at 1 or 2 Mbps) Unicast Packets at 11 Mbps  ppH @ 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i. )5+D=' = @B +  0L0  T(  Tx T c $o 4   o  T c $o 4p o "p`Pp\F @0` T  0 |N @0` T @0`ZB T s *DԔ@0`0ZB T s *DԔ@0@ZB T s *DԔ`0`T @0`  T# @`ZB  T s *DԔ@0`0ZB  T s *DԔ@0@ZB  T s *DԔ`0`H T 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +   0   `{ (  `r ` S xo 4   o r ` S  Stable State 2  `  BCDEFAA`px @  "`  p `  B@C(DEFAA(|P0@(@  "`   ` 0o@ 0'  9timeout 2 ` 0$o @ HN1 consecutive beacons 2 ` 0o 0  IN2 consecutive beacons  2 ` 0o@  HK consecutive timeout  2RB `@ s *D 0 ` H ` 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.D+D=' = @B +P   0 g _ " (  r  S Xo 4   o r  S 0o 400 o 2  N ??"` 0 L   # 02  H ??"``  2  H ??"`0 0 2  H ??"`p  `B  0D0 ` `B  0D  fB  6D h2  s *"` `B  0D1 00   04o0  FMeta Stable Link 2RB  s *D   0DXo0  A Stable Link 2   0ho 0  7A 2  0\o   7B 2   0o   :Source 2 ! 0o @w  ? Destination 2  " 0o  w9B Marks all route replies as Meta stable received from A ": 28H  0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.f+D=' = @B +  0L0  X(  Xx X c $^o 4   o  X c $ 4p o "p`Pp\F @0` X 0 |N @0` X @0`ZB X s *DԔ@0`0ZB X s *DԔ@0@ZB X s *DԔ`0`T @0`  X# @`ZB  X s *DԔ@0`0ZB  X s *DԔ@0@ZB  X s *DԔ`0`H X 0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.IvPDA+D=' = @B +}  0  $(   r   S   4@    r   S  4   H   0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i.M+D=' = @B +}  0 $(  r  S  4    r  S 0 4@   H  0޽h ? 3333___PPT10i. +D=' = @B +&x\UF' 4A 4A**t ]{{｀]a={WI++˽; !qfn'_b_u2Z{据fr}4w7n>-?\sk "D+*tSY FNgnX |ނ?=Ϲ|xSY}sF'N7:jiGs,3Z{}F^IcG[;:8atߞ*2o*m4^O^Xb>N{X_>suk}|W-^n0Zm49ob4Z֡[.8h=z{nCmvLhcڄ6f9݁-t'ڊmtږJwh{;@{ƿF;N3Bҽiއ=龴=Z}i?ڟG@:AtJу!t8AGQt4C[?J 4~*Nd:Nt:Τl:Υi~$=M|`{ꌣ_-uE)+t7ub}ϧ8OՂMufck3y./}Q^mƿ,sߞ{./9ngE?&)T~ⵎ_{i%筸s,ww93-_;O_m|,oBz=@O'ѓ)Tz]D%tz=EϦsy|z^D/Kerz]JWѫ5Zz@o7ћ-VzAwѻ=^z>@ч#Qص $}.,}>O_/җt}:>}1<}Eߦw{}~D?_~F?_/Wk ~GO@?џ/WAѿ?_]EWӂ(xx_Υy -K|ZVi%ZVUftsZV[&Ek:tKZ֣[ѭi} m@цmLЦt{ڌ6;%ݑD[ִ ݙB]nmOwtOH;δ JhwA_K{޴Kt?:OAt0=HCP:L::t=Nd:Nt:Τl:Υ#(z4=Σ,3cBz=@O'ѓ)Tz]D%tz=EϦsy|z^D/Kerz]JWѫ5Zz@o7ћ-VzAwѻ=^z>@ч#Q}>AOet9}>C E}WkuC&}Mߡ!~L? %~MoX?Og F?_oGWմ7m~Csi-Cr4hEZVUhUݜVIkڴݒ֥VtkZnCmv!mD&)ݞ6mIw;V5mCwжtWmGiݓE;N3Bҽi7ڝC{Оt_ڋ}h_ڏt:@zBa`zNGБtMбt=at"D')t*Ft&Eg9t.=AGѣ1tOcBz=@O'ѓ)Tz]D%tz=EϦsy|z^D/Kerz]JWѫ5Zz@o7ћ-VzAwѻ=^z>@ч#Q}>AOet9}>C E}W玿oЕM}CߥC~B?K~CGBOCUt5-"/w\GвͧiZViZnF7huAkZ6Cui=ݚ֧t[mHƴ mJhsmA[NmMН.-ݕFtwځA{юLЮtoڍv'ݗiڗ~tݟ`z=DСt=Bt$EG1t,GzH't JtIgtKG#Qhz GXG'Idz =Ft =AϜvgk6z7uگ6,;\~ZnUG ZDPTJUTBMN"nU'ê̈m q6߼jΞGPmخ&Qm>(fGSm^:gTRUdՊLવ$U7NT ⇠Z?2-ihiD($~,X,Q-‰jjZjʊjĺVGTF⇦:?:a`Po ~cTɖj6F_Df?◫(\mCjJįXP&~Z2[ڕ߲V Cje*kTukʐį[kT&~Z20_V Oҵ.%B޵.%B޵"%E"%E%H %K|Z%>-_߀ĉo@ WJ >-\) dKВB/AU!>-V)Xc2AT"-P)$@4ҔBKS $ -M)*(LТ2CQ% -G)6dBC QJ&>-A)Bp ѸR>h\)H4O|$U *U߉f*DJ-ħASѠR hJZ4TD|-R*"(uFF#J]+ߌTG|3:RJg+5H|6:R)JėC*_K|<:R/`Jǣ)TM|?:R50J(UߏTM|?:R; J'(N|BڷiJW}+ _4@|Eګ!iJć*mA|Hڟ -iJ3ķ)ߒ4C|Kڟ -iOJK=)-D|Nړ9iOJK=)-D|Nړ9iJc}(_4F|QڇEiJc}(_4F|QڹQiJ{G+vG|TڹQiJ{G+v4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJħ*vJ|Zڡ*iiJħ*vJ|Zڡ*iiJħ*vJ|Zڡ*iiJħ*vJ|Zڡ*iiJħ*vJ|Zڡ*iiJħ*v4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJw*Mߕv4I|Wڭ$]iJ{G+vG|TڹQiJ{G+vG|TڇEiJc}(_4F|QڇEiJc}(_D|Nړ9iOJK=)-D|Nړ9iOJK=)-4C|Kڟ -iJ3ķ)ߒ4C|Kګ!iJć*mA|HڷiJW}+ _4@|E:R; J'(N|B:R50J(UߏTM|?:R5`Jǣ)K|<:R/JėC*_TJ|9:R#Jg+5TG|3:RJu7.шRhD`4TD|-R*"M)_ZOEJ-ħASѬRhVN4TA|'W'>+ƕDKP '-A)BdBC QJ&>-G)6XТ2CR$> -M)*4@ҔB TJ#> -P)$L({2AU!>-V)XcВB/AKV !-\) p38 hJ %K|Z%>E }HIzHIzKwKwNku/]kT&~Z20J!_V I^e0wU+hZEkoYkW ~ڀ7+_J~?◫(\mIjcJįUS ~ڞ9;&n_6tKBUCⷩ +]JmXUjJ'QWfOye/Q'A% QfCtr;eN'JISf@t2@eįL'S҉UNt))pe*įI'\ kR$~GW R]QN!WTTr}◢z}e 7TeqסzCuBF/Bƕk|N%~Sq‰d⇯:u'ɫN$~u 4:3'i!~ԪqB,⇬:{'~ª6UʆjJ`UI⧪ڹ?R>lydKSW ~}3Tډ0VMT^G:5?4᭎FqYA-`G%~2EY&cQ-҈jE4TKZ%??Z9UBSZ9UBSZ9UESZ9UBSZ9UESZ9UESZ9UESZ9UBSՊ9UESՊ9UESՊ\h";x`ջWRK(\@\.HQPD"(i"MZ;w$dSI%M$;{Μl6$A+{p33;弧E | ;}E]>ic\!{/gx8lT딅A5Th4P A5<4 1k4/B@uzKP}j5^@ 5A͡+ЫPKz jAm4P'PMFdP-m'K#MozWːFz}}} Bch( )4 }FATBKh"4 MB_AӠ/@3з,;h&'?px=QY,g1g\S> ~}4soy]$|zX^Rwwo#0HK V|e`<^?].B O2t ]C7-6t򂼡|!?   @P /P$EC1P,C P"y6 JP dR4(ʀP&eC6g@T*T*JAJCeP9FBh,4M&Bh*4 } }̀fBB}9\h4Z-A?B%RhZ~~~~VAC?5Zh'm6A-V/hvA=^h:A!t:N@'Si t:.@K't]AסMtyA]B) AP A"((b8(J$H! BiP:YL( ʆlotF-sP")XT{+^sr%/嘞!  !JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[ x%E20@Xdd{H& S)mO Mo%q.9uviͮ:iւ-De*%c&SXT TMŧ_BR|GR$I_]dsI 5̴Ϸ 4N3fY5Ms`Jp`a6)g+8rVu&sZ'`+tt|l&Ȑ8֧Kf{Ĵk ?0IVZPs̒!_&7J1L8`S3y|%Cɖw_̴9Hv?CifiHD"ҙ\GAsp$C'je `SIm{ w.l^: bewRXRGoR 2|~=#y]/ZlDIl߹cw VBVl٬Jv;*!C;˟XL҃608HyVJjx0J΅’9H\ɛJ.S* ܉ecr'䨑yS3ruAӳrVR6m}&s PG!?%8UG6TGIQKc}lPY*K]|+Dj$/s7i) H+TiM"kdzAܫJcݰHQlJglx!aXi@)@:wRD /)ZٳHG  +;v@ gG?4iEϿX43gϺ aQ `Kվ/(5iטVG/{aep5nmv=-w UZ{F͛7WBBB2N֦cg|U'%%s1L2)++K,>(EQzz*U[ЪccyjhjV)h4C+E+V H)еb|5jm;u"^4Nj|X6TMEx.%`Eo߾vy+e\\PFz?QbSUUCE[$}'QXTZqFPO4 ǢZuQȝl38 Ɉ\;iL)H[2/4Ξ;_J gĴK.87oUAqW^yE|H!#^(YfM{d4|%J( 8ҥy:`^7VٴJ]venW}w.ߋ{bÒswe4rH,:r.ܾ9tb}4)9NuŒoJ3 5o,ǢOL<zXEMuV^N.ǁbCXޗb^L}^ZƝ;wNz8t砧!OFY;ht3;6m|[6dtCww~v>**JXW8y=РqSΎBtq)ܫ7MK~׍i̘1֭[*ށ'ׯxEP~ÆV>qn%/c sאh~If5v&ͮvD*WYp[c˗/t]8*Rwc"?ߌ0խP T[W/nZ7n9wcϹ=XWZaɓ'M6_%ޗnK"Ⱥ'n>p8w򸢽|/"qnЉFMuҬn\ AAP|~rw st8Zt :|! }> W WӼf?pR. lҢ%rwVlٴiԿ^:v3^xuBjn8[D[6:#UBY.(3J.`̉Bj^mNA<] ?MHw<oٴu5J}'Z !CP5[N yJמ}7mڤ3W7h"9Չ s+d_ & \'qXZNH 2-5nw٧O_Q(4/^pygѰIs8N:a>gsѥCQٳ/u?2`3/G )-m*kQ!r@ݎ1ܽ~`ՑlZ͛?TB8Na1_oLa ?F]FqgOQ>Bv'2EŁݐn LEqelZ0jlN1|fժἁ ĭH3Q(rB|酇ih zX|\h)xP  ʔ͔d]jfEes%v7|/#D߿_ \ast6'1TCiӱpZ4)~A#_`g~z^B{nf_ŢS2.)( L d:sWZs;-m߾VPU֭[xCѦmd.5FԠAL[j8ƬVq]#1G] xhHۏQi _nlXXf|#??$~~3tV)c {12viCHF3f`e.\3G>rU5 ߊoFמgnZgQ8G OzE-=E%~M˗/c>D!' g-.0hBMNZ`M%Rq`CьEe˖u-0?OaW|blBݨ)=+5=u}|PFenǏ+&W RcǏǢk&3FiCNR*C.kCr X1'β X4zh,3?<( QZ.")Bڴ118𴌣CRD֭-/BpxF̯Pxc>oDIQ<)21Έn3 eA-hVaZ{Ww9w'5fHsw&inXJlԨQǕ3 7M KJOJ!gLG~Z+7N1qQY΅:zGwL-U]r3;vKDO+mHR(ca6 O<@JT5|T%"XBXk@џNp$55M$9{.nr3(8@ "z=~Iȑ#2x>|8vu;jJ#_@uPw͝;3@LπӾ>}>MIPxbxQkҏݼ7qbbc'÷&?fR|kR1`ŷz(EM++$|P|_'Q[۶m*UIn!z ŷJ,geqU֔ _[Rvߪ[@񭅿C@ٚc`^LP+5q1T'9P әyv*hŷ~6bDQh6vݷ*\dDS~o?[cS{J(b\rVnZ%&E#/N&?3%&___PfJ·^~]gVRB[Cw[Ӝ)*A3fJuI`d U&o1$[]=Q:$v[s96mddIo͵ߪ.[]CoE tw>Ѝ .$j'{bKjU vQH* :o<'LxH/~z!v ,|СCԅ(2oٲ5ֿ̹gbXx}dk߷BqF,-SҺ JH\Ϸ}(%6e#lf6Ш#{ܾ a͚51Vh _?‚09Lz}IF((o M1^zyß_azi OMDŊQ҆(i,)_gpipSrE|Iշ;ߚd4,Qң󭶼gVŷ{E_vIf6> b[Mytq,Oʷ/B'VVa!aRe1'444%s[N+{'ِjߪS,oUV ߚRrE.;6?T.E$KoEp-D(n[OطZm-qرc+Xlcu*?oUn~:ʢoA?HyDͤք .+!<&t}+*=]j޷@<*ߊv~aBv?Rn!?ٖ[s|D?# Jf>~~·tU[9ubo߿С|ke)U8Zr'p(0k" [Է&UAJ6LW[>ny ܪVLΝrψd- zAePS.P(z*.K#|^ 3i۶m牮2[[\|ʷ*m,! ߚ0e=o KyH0|Pm̒)熍-~G[ O)h SN[R|kF)G [+oU'ߚ`4߿f~7,$g|jAU|zQa|k}kicQVP"Th}[r|+$!z:.fbyMӧ#WJ)}o,g'%=o E)|}&7d"2o̷SL֭[8'Kb<ŷ)؃'P^<#e6jiĽ9!9J1؏Ć={|)4t(·._6voEHhzo2kR8\e]OV[\}'*_B<2/ ߷/ymP82~Sӯ_JUJ*}a#4I1Yl[ok: Ʒ[ 9Sі$jױc<䒿c|Q4hu rV?I>VRN,'"oեƲV?q9Kљv|h4"Hs'H_Z'ߚ?oW8vO4ŷ|+$y|kX!#fH![2~_7qѠ_ ?Mw ,]]K~|'J,[Юf^i)5M5DW{m6}ӞƟ:s:wUռU[X8|YAw @xoQlWof:|j1~.xGް}Hę 4p1m-׮]+8>LlMo 0:vM2ai~Z:v=yX?^.mp ] mvBՕkAz5P^җ{!UDdvW"3%u(ٝ{8o Kc'opH š 7*U:17B "Xx4+ǷH"/hu_Ϸڣni 5\/8YB\}xO_\'bL^@ck|kG̍[Fqx8(CZsYޱ9ٯՑoU_Q"'4i݉&^WP~T֭uLU.(N_VAGϛ寠[.y߀%KԠq/l:p23?R+:Ƿ""aٻO]KBփ)Ut&`nquc_S[QbA]}+EeF]}+~t5[lg}k׆^1ɷH4 s[QsҜ[V#G71尧!O' $|kz NQy&(O:y/ɪ_H:ȷOgv&-G.ZqWݓ+04E}?q#Ьuޫx 5èD,Zl:tn'~;_S3 9{m[?Nut+{^Էo_4[y*Vo޽%wxiUފ٭mf-^Ś˦g}t]qwjxk hbqҵ*TFEG[׷UVs#ǜ%J^~|`}w'_37N/V+,U+_rqR|wcKߺ LKr#:tp>}c[~xϫ [[##b*UF! ۏy| Ҷjj!cuR/&,YlqO]AW]5:u):~ȟv{7}ESSgBe4lذQgn>|_9rͿ`a?o՚2eБ_n:|K=.k?=v/XWVIx_V~6ÇLw$yT[_b2a5Ē_iC#\ӆ5=4EKڦï[o;(#UGL\fP(ySǎџ~z"7kφ}DY9{su(&?O&pS#ܷ!Xyݞ[CwPULj'_ GuTje붋w^U-UyϫIP=~1˔A8f3rB2Cov+4߫ v%o޽S(>Lh%ƌ[\*jRh7Q'ŧk% ~\RR˖ŋK)aRW>w iN*P +.Zf Pf 5m8ulΝ+ZX^l׹۽߇i cU/bŋWZPJMob P )rIYGXWl*հ}XLLy〗8 V:UR= 0_{58j/ֿyN-վUW Q]Zo:u*믮5BvKQؕ)[niC}+6 VƙVR\*~>F13h]kTNw-ٺjG"Dcpy/Ffspxt CٹK+P>{ïOɫU4ɗ>1Bf ʖdAXBgLQ$,+UR>NA.7 3t"+U)_AwUMV{2ĝ8qhb;w)ۍ_(`3L+VekMwFtutbW ^_x մӀSPGjb` CդKH׍OHT%F!a/ԮBPT~9]껎S$ILce̒ Ưd8VrJ^w^-')W+ͷc*ñ |'85y˯',F_oݾ};_KK|; aJPkdNOG8'Ţ3$&']s,[H!lgI i[ȗ#KG~l9ahXZ [}=0,ħKk7n]~oϺW?_V7JBS>s?K^"j$% (!΋2m%Ev'W>""Z/a5Px˝icQ*w>R;s|^C7%"Z#ٳýF.bD̟g <֥˂R\ՠyk|B\ཱ,jJBRb^yw '3[}KӾ_XZ͑SgQ%QE$I߿~#Wg/^~C<xb>u7K]F/[ֻ)ϫ.!khؤ? 16OZH 5OQ2Tkڷ>$%O(QūS2ҙx%xCC5?wv;)8Tױg<!3g?j&izx*jԢu_N1JtnXnk |ܸq>7<&d X񓭫oO@1fٳO>7{}nC>bv>a tґKZ6*8y+* ?lx~V9s^jU֘<4<.]ԽX٫[U =Ν-Zm㷆/5z[ϷWólLcr{;w~1xKϚo jpݤs\~>uPXkr8`j|N')PۇuHG\r=z7jڼ!t^lg/o}H\o}HZoW[ ­yf|k2$YvzL~WsOd?:?Y{hgOַw%e<>YYtٲw}K8lO̷YْݏoZq;Xs70>7q7q|1yƮc'# [i8yeCG}I5r ?V |l6~ُ6O9I3Bf%{||՜k5a]7*Nȓ,?8MW/EZ$+cyM|ʜE܍{X`@ x*hɷ2%*@Jz-cX`=V7lo,a-a |G죌N-*oD`]#r:VUQdݎ2 [+6q&>*;RK0~ZcþcQ.?q% )pO~g*xg t/قy8.BGdZ1E,Zν(J8tsáKgGA;oInodz\D>mɼ)ѫ>F@AK~.B\p%?)/gr&!BC<OIX?RQuD+ JAAn[xz)H쫷5>_?B  1VUk&Ya`u,̐nL O 0e$dqJAA+q+q.䧗}3 wAA AA;v  x&!JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAA@>U   ƧtAA!AA;@  p4Lz{_? h;x`ջWRK(\@\.HQPD"(i"MZ;w$dSI%M$;{Μl6$A+{p33;弧ޚO4_N5~*E`(cQ@ZWc?h=&![.:erPyl44<M%2TEFjPu O#&<|͋Pm:P]Tj5A&BMfPs *j^@mvP{{# ?3z;z z ҈|2އC@BA h04 }} >CYY4+ToO`M\;CeggA1{^#o9T7" RC#ϡ/(h44 C/$h24 }MC_C@3з,Dl=4͇@ EЏb'h Z-V@+__ߠUjh Z 6@Mfh  mv@;]nh@Ca:AǡIt:A E ]@Wkut݆@^7t򁴐/Cq {P0BaP8"H( bX(D( Ch4F%Cf(@Pe@V(ʂ!]FTygu 7t~j9^ʢ܇GIKs9nc  @ȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV '~zIg %:3&&ٞ= 6-pz>< [ xDK{NEoZ?N`ˡ#QO[-]kƂ% f,Xʍj Jh J$1]Zl-Z6lLkШy׾3Gn-~޸\ ]ݡK Wl3N4>H֕ Q@ ljV/E[lƖ,Y:k,cqi0HlO.SvШ))T,p~ѧWįO A<~UWo5VAĪTJJÆ$ܽ6i+o%xhȷW\ z^cmlD ֻŘU0+dɘɔoe3+hlPjT>_T(GRW,+`/,kB9311{bk-w~CP[6`Ȑg9g"L15R1Rsd1sN!%"We򴒋ʅŸ7wg.9j$+DGޔ\G] Dj,\n#Q)>f{Or1NՑ QsuXTvrR>ʫ,!'~6Kf)U:5Y HQr@gɷz^/RxJ.-VL#OܫhQǎ[xJ+Vh2׭gZ!͞=S v yܹ"\Պ+ ubKŗ'keǴmn8%{xx`ժM[^z:/JǧH"8/YZi+_dRSSq;z[yuȕQR%n㵔e7n*[>J G}oUlZyΝ197nECdڴiiFu_ŋ%8hnҥ2b'մi(n46Uڲe_|a4{n+(QHcrŋWJWڴ_G˖+:M4A? D:"UZSH/1ٽy%Ҙj7l)R[.^bHhtP ]/QE=s,$ Ď;ѣGMa/=>c̙nFXT`RoŁ/""8%JM5f">Qt9K{X\z`ݻwOb]B^Qd񕐐SƱkժIII\xqofw|.S 2|A(5J@^JՖm;jmEvd/?"ŐJdQ${xp{LYD5gN].FӅ9 US^K5X۷oc]FY(8޽{OTTjСCle| lԬx>oܸ3&MŸ籨V|rT5r' …D2"Ag}?Oݓu㖭J-&yÇwxSL; WR%1ҥ N͛8r*xPW^Q#_:EDW%J֨Y&DGY=-- _DrR ruvv6 Χti(8X$B0<3U6R׮]E[U]⻽](9 /EX/k`tN{ĭӹ{0cRE ?r˱1O{fofQmݺUlq}ou~nSqS^<]9}GlQFl+=]zƃoL}M۰d ߖMk9ل.]g]`EUge;Nx^74h_e?9о5أ7#Lu7ՋV7E{sAϻ=Vy`W od@v[g%,z=e}=}4+\ aFh\}v6m49% Ģ^EZ=y|;іMΈaPƥ z;ʌ˰sPZW۴S8OBku/jR3O[6omwkvARa߉m:ziȐ!/ԩox͖wvҵgM69U>8,ZHboiu"Ü 1„ B׉n֡GLofW Dl8-۾~%5%_N~垮˨"PQP`sV g:,RH3jBfBp-̠--jN_|IǚiY"l"?^!x/9 .AGY4lήSN̋>H}E ~ۀZhT\4Pt w,X8Gu#ya~!P="~XS&idi?1sQQFvٸ)䓽{yu󽏐LDqs76>u8Di+8SQ&:})'ְ0̯ZyuG~}#Y*6r8o 2xq+RL-“!_z8t+ڂ:6>j-|w g÷_2%?e3y;"YccQٜxݍ6K7W+/3Wl͢I/!ߐ>ft,B#;MJa~m槗О_hԩKʯ0oxp'աĜcǎqK۷1TFkGu-Piſj;n/05h Ӗ*l31ժq\׈eL밺Q)/RgTZ/ȗ"""$e1֬/_"yߌU`lž={?G|+)oalƌl2=%4 .)Qpj·[1ѵ[YS^QhKbѻkɴ_@g˘AjȉfY L-Z@j`8PƹV:XST\t5`4cQٲea] L;hXk!,[t=?'0Їg7j{uMb:pq:߻*QY;}芉@yxhڵɌF+??Ӡŷ±6l,s=)> 6ECxKŦxdJP|k6mLN0<-:ufˋ2^wR> @#9;!FX~Bk$;PR$U$"92%5UZ5PofMp?I;ǡ L-2?PB{_8rdǢ ^4E`GGݎW5P"]s̯-P#|93 ~OObR$(ޱ?{1šc7M9O-A{%E>BB- 入[d(Y??m@@Ǣʕ+gՑoeXj2=y|0G)QUv5Altoݴysl*w @ߚt XAJQ|+jAS$ 6 jqCWITֶmfJF[ȸlu5@1HYY\l5%%%hDTݷP|kPc%1vF4Ԋopb$U|IN4·~t8f4zݷ&Z񭟍"1qyT$+=j%")5=+'єF[Or~Vԩ#Þs,b_5ٚnܸ#K˔.7el(hJɿǡ u6`4oEC=a|XfpL/jD$!5Ej+&E5`LӪ^_g`4>J [Cp̩W^f^Wj^bڂ@Q"`0 ʟGzW2];~͛7C\JVc`ңRfҧf WF\վլ*n)o]doUq|W_Cjߪ3压r[zILVK3f2v}v|OѥU~I:uFu߽[V9a]qoE̙9-䑒)7t&V| Z+ȷ>[8"ˣ:Jz jDq JsV }gr&(%Տ[ф]*~< xھ5=KdhZ?Ʒ\?f?*np߷&9Y$9M8}}kd|-plaD|U^]YȄءgpS]˓`.5@n UUXHrDY qI\8VI6ڷj [շU·&\QˎǥKɒ[Q(\  [Vy@Ddt:vXʴX|k|+[_[+ҽd^.Q3)5!KJ) ?]ߊ )#煮Ba|kP^qM!&NbU ߪOcZ"ʷ]_򏔺}[fυr~ed\|+r;ߪ511Ȃ__~]rU`cN|b:th.ZsYm(c  2 E}뚈IyUGjR(-R|k7&8o%Cppp#*ӹs3dmK·e_%Tۥ(dʹachoux5ԁSָTEߚG |Q@G [ &Xc /2|k ?a',*߬oПoU'c.ߪ^Tߚ+"jhtZ|ksTU<pA9r".V\ J|MRL(۷ƚk#Ʀ:bB'g%Iqu($_}k&M(Ze]\ERUT$&ˉ[u,qx,z$yG1+Rt]}+&MH -b>~.ɷf89:[0:'&@C JWZoMoE !m8v=`cbM_iﴧ_ĜΝ;E`5o0N,dttFP+[Dە[c%Nߤ/qߪKg/Ƨ7lbqŸ# &cL6{[˵k @}+>[S|+0f[ 9㷎6;bSLXVi3~k]x49֏K=BBoyP5@uZunA^ 5u_{,]LI@cv5[7}?,e|"ÿfƍ|Jl̀P$&!) Z[Z#%a oE NW*{7<׉S|k&,7ИZ'hf9sVQm-3\wlAAku[obcoŢ5MbZawbjf(0k<_~r+m3lV[,paPn_Sχ%;U/ukv8oKD2JĮWıkxf+ ~7dR/5h\ LȁHXjS|RŦP)`sDJ*ݨI3ب|\GTVyPiWߊEQQWߊ-{o+iFM/"F>n6Ynja絡bGLp@|9s~:M+.rV{4Dbkw;V8(Q{mML9sɷȿ Z^?Succ oE8lN^K*9-,G9ē;mˑ _+xkaq G:r8Mb}:='x\%4k*^oBͤ0*&4-zo'qE)>mLEC-p!{^[w:z=pkw{ yW1 umv4[wam;^jթb/o:tv?,Ac۬Y_ Ӌ+>cKoʗ\\)~z·n~a)Ӓ]zlMێz"H!yY.{^ԱcG_j EE9v=Яhmw:UJI[%yyrut'>a|H_L# 7|jAq{ޜrI8l8m;yvV^#yڷWQUZmٺ:B,WGke˯zU*&B$TA>n_L2eٌP[ .] /ۻw<Z1cǖ-WJT2;ڍ(yvIZɂT}xebe]cBbʨ˫VYB%4ԨBM|'N)[s-VuvaZqXǧX╫VF*TҤil*#C=TCrrR[J5l{A~:S8%?UNT ^{ .Nڋo޾d(xDKo7U¾bT|[No piRԬ"veʖ:mfjߊcMCqT-WʧQLk/ZWy2]KA5@ZQH=)'2w>q+K69DPvҥ|J"pϞSjhMOGPC* YE+V}$S&a s{Jm:ϟsЁ c&HpJUW6}t{D;vmykw|h՞(q'N(Z|q>h@vׯ+ ',-"ؼy y8,SDd_ij?bd*]zz9=U^Bqp5<˗\15y]Eܣ7::]q8;[@geutو . vi?)!)%8XcoG7M~ј1c (Wb~pJPJĵ7Q"zܹ#j$P|ŎzgZBD)V|V~l{3`Ͽ4ZX9P5)uz QFl )??,U}_jpFN?E?q>8\ +VCtXo9XNȢV '`BihؤyӖg͙nuņ6nތóʼ"=~bZT㜈 5u]tW5p<>ZnӜ#_DGDYWG֨Y3 `R֦bŊQϒJx2}+0g'oqzc1o߄JuA7{䅋GHɒQE)C&x+79=!hZh)Z:r8vn#R#1I< j&QIRD:Xd*Cg0xRWݵWK9 `JXp N@I6?3Kƴ[oߎ&Ғ!*NBT@2N d {:+q~IV%RH7jYCѻ/[eX33Bm_ UC fuN6~;F y?kLY9EE$Jtǚ+5^.񪈈w_2kqJUg@|e{|BI9oUȯf*ZryٽZU_ZV¨A9YHzkxіڍ[j׫o~aׯGxᲕz{Pbka$oI@LvIaQ/݉OKXM*rgX ]N\b",PkMȸHp)K"<9:4u)&겠+o5hZ#'y6xo,˩RTX(CW8 VVVsٺx{FITQ"I@9zyv_ً_%eM1DWQ|Vm;yj}|ڭ;6i>aGӷon<ڴ|uJ,5sԴt?bob6P_,ĝo u/oEO!cڷ}kl޷hݭw׼aSs'ڠ~C>7nAIY)C$>Vdۮk<}xY>|0aTRUnUW//<}kI IJBLP OL|ݖ7xt2ܚ-7n!Wu8uMiFM8!zBo5=_@LvN}'NGn­v<}kYp<_͞#x<5@xl-R7գoӣO^mߩېǭX]Oط]tV>J41;{ފ}+}bde#FܣWuվ5>MGe0K:u)ljyժB-sgm[{A}f鮯K^֫,%SX\>λ|ڃ>C ocFD2sƂշ[e͓f/@NF~FbҌ$Yeﻅ+q 1/_r5go pX׍=ʵ7 x*Kk^/2g'|3wC&b+7<:oCcyĿgɷ P㭒^~KX<:%XvpG Xnkvl(dJXȴ)oU-YkVfnl ;xʎ ذXGb 6-'D ܓ) 9"$K dkvr੃ũj'2V~c%ws/^ ?m~| O  xLo՚;IVX]2 3dSSL> Yiܺҭ|AAJʷr %z?DAAc|+AAo%  IȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;@  pȷAAV   JAA[  w|+AAo%  AA;o?#  }kAAAz+AAo%  M>ݗO Hx ec$QQ(T]%RYRȾRHeidiAVh^DhfĮ<{s=se_yK_5d5LnȰ\-PS&yu1Q7Μ9sij-T "5Ӹ͏-XnXس}t)qV5V0|rOw퇃.K&f41{ { ; 0eb\欷yyxM7vvVVf ; :yK7Tkk6νv1pnj3OZ0ooѺc-Vwf} {0 w%nø&aZ10,S{aX}k5~uZVUzPZjzH=VG#QF=֬cm֮:nWًAmXƵ0{̨jڢ'Vu=SimmWzFX;3Y5Ϯ.k{skڣjڧj:y5/֋upR/e'79`}֎}#7~N,gϿybj~},u+v1-[3s'O~lڜgǃ欅Y'3֙k/O9nñ1_[41)G8qhO>yx..z3yi::WQzu^[z}:Xo7[:ZouJZzg]gԙuVήs:[:>\9ua]T%ui}>]b]VחƵ__v}[߫ו5꺦~X?Oy~Y_׵m]Wc\ 2Yv딚Z ԴZk^wE뎵Xݩ\]ꮵDݭ^KRuZ{ֽ޵l-WBXJrRփjzpVCzx=Y5ѵf=[kZ֭~=XQm\Ԧ56kڲT[ڦROն]m_;cTϬgzNRnڽ=kڻ}kڿz^=^P/Ջ:db9KeuhV/uDYUzM^WG1zC[uBToԉuRV':NzWΨ3zO]Թu^WCu~}>Rɺ.⺤.Oէ3\}P_R}R_n߬oշ;^}uu]S?Տ'Y~Q뺶~S]P?՟/׉n\ni<:b쳔Yp=ӫw769.j0noɒ<-Nxx+ׁF̜0'm 5mlIqU$ أѽsei,[3K¨o]zxoWjX2xeЯVmCР_ihhxFhgTF1hLUZ/4(AH0VQde'n}kOY|͠KOoϿ0oWJO/U}[j G{r@5] \١eO* y/cecv=~xoeJ!tB+`oYٽ2oqx~ǻuǵ~)ؿ[2.G4!MD$4)MF4%MES44-MG 4#D3S4+F4'Es<4/G`sT* "(-FdviZhyZs[VUhJ{RY֠5i-Z֡ui=Z|Cڈ6MhSڌ6-mMж[=@;N3Bn;A{^7Ch:`:Yy5Whq<~;;SyƢ&Y}K11Lԋ,AxK{y-Te!P_0fy':;~]Js`g-Y|?o*TͼFɀxДg:G9#H:cX:D:NST:N3L:Φs\:Χ B.KR.+JkZFn[Vn;N{h K=H{=J=IO+=Cs<@/Kwz^W5zAo?_o7-/лK!}D')}F%}E_7-}G#D?D](4 IC4 K4H#4 J4Ic4K4MH4 MJ4MIS4 MK4H34 J4Is4K-H ´-J-IKҴ uiZViZVi Z֢iZ֣iڐ6iڔ6i ڒiږiڑviڕviړiڗ:tP:#H:cX:D:NST:N3L:Φs\:Χ B.KR.+JkZFn[Vn;N{h K=Hq!zG1z')zBgYzEzFz^Ezޢzޣ}>c>sk{~gB;$!hHahXhDFQhTF1hLƦqh\Ƨ hB&IhR&)hJihZhFfYhVf9hNyh^hAZEhQZ%hIZehYZhEZVUhUZV5hMZ֦uh]Z֧ hCڈ6MhSڌ6-hKڊmh[ڎhGډv]hWڍv=hOڋ}h_ڏ@:CP:#H:cX:D:NST:N3L:Φs\:Χ B.KR.+JkZFn[Vn;N{h K=H=J=IO+=Cs<@/K7;LЫN7/7uЛMлK!}D')}F%}E_7-}G#D?DR/iiiFiFi Ƣiƣi&i&i iififi梹iiZiZi ZiZiZViZVi Z֢iZ֣iڐ6iڔ6i ڒiږiڑviڕviړiڗ:::::N:N :΢:Σ.. nnH}t?=@C0=Bc8=AOS4Jг=O/ЋN/+*F? 'M&Eo;.G}H }J}I_ }KH??ѯ`48 ACP44 Cp4<@#H42Bh4:AcX46Cx4>M@D41MBd49MAST45MCt4=@3L43Bl4;As\47C|4?-@ B0-Bb8-AK/ehYZhEZVUhUZV5hMZ֦uh]Z֧ hCڈ6MhSڌ6-hKڊmh[ڎhGډv]hWڍv=hOڋ}h_ڏ@:CP:#H:cX:D:NST:N3L:Φs\:Χ B.KR.+ʡi oMr @DD=q'n ""ҞDDD7H{iO"""@DD=q'n$s&Ӛ7H gGOk""5dBE?yԐy>M=@Umn @5n @5n K6@S]H{H<ԟ"EpH$dO\箎7TD$*- "Q(}pqOاOp0 "QH9W'}5߹grޘշTH:=`qjVsH$dOSm:R/p / XsaOC5|uKR?2?ջe>Q "1y>MH6Sw|}y{\uң?D$)';|ƚkq>H(IO$ "H9Q72Bs3f>fht?Woըv%5ov2?ݧ)7@/.wNk\ ?`oߖls"nu-)vҝ31ܳ>xo-d~i׫2?ݧv|lxkxφ_tϚZn7@yXwM'=K#sg;q3 /O[/7- "Pmn7j tHT[@D" "!nq@7D@D$B- "R|H"T = " " "1y9kD<ԜTYD$,7Dk""5dBE?yԐy }v."R ""ҞDDD7H{iO"""@DD=q'n ""ҞDDD7H{iO"""@DD=q'n ""ҞDDDړ Pi͛]DO賣H5ov2?ώ"ּEDj~oS @noi+GtP-@5f)T PY7@ nՂTc @n՘uP-@5f)T PY7@ nՂTc @n՘uP-@5f)T PY7@ nՂTc @n՘uP-@5f)T PY7@ nՂTc @n՘uP-@5f)T "%Ѽ+g ~U9乃JW&YT"R*ͻr^gQվkӋ7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA"Gq "}7jA*"R2ͻr^gQվkK;H4OzYEUy-y "Ҽ+g ~U9乃oF2tiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGn՘uiGI&Zq4"St^!³H#Zq4"St^!َ7TjEp P7@u P7jAu ZP7j@Ep P7@ *"dznK;SNO8St47jA tuF7@q MիH*n &R8nt_=O))5. ~01h:nV_m_y:u47jt?Fu0h:nMyucҗ9+&倓6s!`Ur4W_?6yN/y~*l<*c*oiQ<(7jt|\:^mS.5wHz?^󰓾~ #_[.9/ l Uih.n(Sٚk~1mx皇J#Uçs0zKjg<QOԫoɼ_y==gה@D ]q%Ɣ k/9>t$I_g$=Q?Y@D"  w yҔ#%ߩqHp2?ݧկLG У+oґ9OeI44'hu&8q@D Zn7jٺD$Ne8q@D Zn7jٺD$Ne8q@D Zn7jٺD$Ne8q@D Zn7jٺD$Ne8q@D Zn7jٺD$N)'nr~}pd{~oίCO_17Ć O9_"7F;oJ* ?UdžTߘI_)wHyztTI_R5qHldOSoTjdž_9=z>QnCAݯjk""5dOSm_?K6TGHO~O~Zf!}*Vsyŧnl%{TO9ԔOz%S"ToͧR.|ܚ%3}zI_T'We7F4Տ7@GՕrVKTG\;Xs|Ick٤6Q7ĉ\ݔCkuHT "qP-[7ĉ@l"'nղuHT "qP-[7ĉ@l"'nղuHT "qP-[7ĉ@l"'nղuHT "qP-[7ĉ@l"'nղuHT "qP-[7IS6d<"qHldR`ZD7 J7 J7 J7 J7 J7 J7%h͛]DO賣H5ov2?ώ"ּEDj#""ҞDDD7H{iO"""@DD=q'n ""ҞDDD7H{R7%r0,1uEWP~TZW6O` Ji%Pwt+~@bkzQ4 qP~51Oh+'0T hp   Slide 1 IBM_UserBlendsAdministrator29Microsoft PowerPoint@PΉ@ϰtFv@)5tnGSo  )'  vG  """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___wwwhare4'A xuF(xKʦ """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙f3333f3333333333f3333333f3f33ff3f3f3f3333f3333333f3̙33333f333ff3ffffff3f33f3ff3f3f3ffff3fffffffff3fffffff3f̙ffff3ff333f3ff33fff33f3ff̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff̙̙3̙f̙̙̙3f̙3f3f3333f333ff3fffff3f3f̙3ffffffffff!___wwwýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýüüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýmmmmmýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýýÆÆÆýýýýýýýýýÆýÆýýýýýýüýýýüýýýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýüýýýüýýýüýÆÆÆüÆýÆÆÆýÆýÆÆüÆýÆÆýÆýýÆýÆÆÆüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýÆýÆÆÆÆÆýÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýÆýýÆÆýÆýÆÆÆýÆýÆýýÆÆÆýÆýÆýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýüýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýüýýýüýýýüýýÆüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýÆýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýÆýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýüýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýüýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýýý՜.+,0    On-screen ShowIBMn ArialTahoma WingdingsTimes New RomanBlends Bitmap ImageXA Pragmatic Approach towards the Improvement of Performance of Ad Hoc Routing ProtocolsPresentation Outline AbstractPresentation Outline MotivationPresentation OutlineOur Solution A New LayerLayer DescriptionPresentation OutlineIssues addressed in this PaperFluctuating Neighbor Problem Communication Gray Zone ProblemPresentation Outline/A Pragmatic Solution Stable Neighbor Detection%A Pragmatic Solution Changes to AODVPresentation Outline ConclusionAcknowledgements  Fonts UsedDesign TemplateEmbedded OLE Servers Slide Titles%_0 0AdministratorAdministrator  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz{|}~      !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345679:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abdefghijlmnopqrwRoot EntrydO)PicturescCurrent UserkSummaryInformation(8TPowerPoint Document(xTDocumentSummaryInformation8c